rvbox/internal/client/supervisor/windows/native_windows.go

//go:build windows

package windows

// The Windows adapter deliberately keeps all Win32 handles in this file. The
// selector in selection.go is pure policy; this layer obtains one verified
// primary token, creates a suspended child with an explicit handle list, and
// puts it in a kill-on-close Job before releasing it.

import (
	"context"
	"errors"
	"fmt"
	"os"
	"os/exec"
	"strings"
	"sync"
	"syscall"
	"time"
	"unsafe"

	rvboxv1 "github.com/rvbox/rvbox/gen/go/rvbox/v1"
	"github.com/rvbox/rvbox/internal/client/supervisor"
	winapi "golang.org/x/sys/windows"
)

const (
	logon32LogonService     = 5
	logon32ProviderDefault  = 0
	securitySystemRID       = "S-1-5-18"
	securityLocalServiceRID = "S-1-5-19"
	disableMaxPrivilege     = 0x1
	mediumIntegrityRID      = 0x2000
	highIntegrityRID        = 0x3000
)

var (
	advapi32                  = syscall.NewLazyDLL("advapi32.dll")
	procLogonUserW            = advapi32.NewProc("LogonUserW")
	procCreateRestrictedToken = advapi32.NewProc("CreateRestrictedToken")
	kernel32                  = syscall.NewLazyDLL("kernel32.dll")
	procAttachConsole         = kernel32.NewProc("AttachConsole")
	procFreeConsole           = kernel32.NewProc("FreeConsole")
	procGenerateCtrlEvent     = kernel32.NewProc("GenerateConsoleCtrlEvent")
	procSetCtrlHandler        = kernel32.NewProc("SetConsoleCtrlHandler")
)

func stdinLineEnding() []byte { return []byte{'\r', '\n'} }

type nativeHandles struct {
	process winapi.Handle
	job     winapi.Handle
	pid     uint32
	close   sync.Once
}

// NewSupervisor constructs the machine-wide Windows implementation. The
// service process is expected to run as LocalSystem; token selection verifies
// that assumption when a command is started and records the selected context.
func NewSupervisor(options NativeOptions) (supervisor.Supervisor, error) {
	options = options.withDefaults()
	return newExecSupervisor(options), nil
}

func (manager *execSupervisor) Start(ctx context.Context, spec supervisor.StartSpec) (supervisor.Process, error) {
	if err := validateExecutionSource(&spec); err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	if spec.Execution.GetShellType() != rvboxv1.ShellType_SHELL_CMD && spec.Execution.GetShellType() != rvboxv1.ShellType_SHELL_POWERSHELL {
		return nil, ErrUnsupportedShell
	}
	manager.mu.Lock()
	if _, exists := manager.active[spec.IssueUUID]; exists {
		manager.mu.Unlock()
		return nil, ErrProcessAlreadyRunning
	}
	manager.mu.Unlock()

	plan, err := ResolveShell(spec.Execution.GetShellType(), manager.options.Shells)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	if err := verifyExecutable(plan.ApplicationName); err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	wrapper, err := BuildWrapper(spec.Execution, spec.ScriptBody, manager.options.MaxWrapperBytes)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	var cleanup func()
	fail := func(cause error) (supervisor.Process, error) {
		if cleanup != nil {
			cleanup()
		}
		return nil, cause
	}

	token, identity, err := manager.selectToken(spec.Execution.GetElevated())
	if err != nil {
		return fail(err)
	}
	defer token.Close()
	wrapperPath, cleanup, err := materializeWrapper(spec.WorkingDirectory, wrapper, manager.options.Now(), func(path string) error {
		return secureWrapperFile(path, identity.UserSID)
	})
	if err != nil {
		return fail(err)
	}
	baseEnvironment, err := token.Environ(false)
	if err != nil {
		return fail(fmt.Errorf("build token environment: %w", err))
	}
	environment, err := BuildEnvironmentBlock(parseEnvironment(baseEnvironment), spec.Environment)
	if err != nil {
		return fail(err)
	}
	launch, err := plan.BuildLaunchPlan(wrapperPath, spec.WorkingDirectory, environment)
	if err != nil {
		return fail(err)
	}

	stdinRead, stdinWrite, stdoutRead, stdoutWrite, stderrRead, stderrWrite, err := createStandardPipes()
	if err != nil {
		return fail(err)
	}
	closeFiles := func() {
		for _, file := range []*os.File{stdinRead, stdinWrite, stdoutRead, stdoutWrite, stderrRead, stderrWrite} {
			if file != nil {
				_ = file.Close()
			}
		}
	}
	pipesTransferred := false
	defer func() {
		// Parent-side handles are retained only after successful process
		// creation. Any error path closes both ends here.
		if !pipesTransferred {
			closeFiles()
		}
	}()

	job, err := createKillOnCloseJob()
	if err != nil {
		closeFiles()
		return fail(fmt.Errorf("create command Job: %w", err))
	}
	if err := applyJobProfiles(job, manager.options.JobProfiles, spec.ExecutionProfiles); err != nil {
		_ = winapi.CloseHandle(job)
		return fail(err)
	}
	cleanupJob := true
	defer func() {
		if cleanupJob {
			_ = winapi.CloseHandle(job)
		}
	}()

	application, err := winapi.UTF16PtrFromString(launch.ApplicationName)
	if err != nil {
		return fail(err)
	}
	commandLine, err := winapi.UTF16FromString(launch.CommandLine)
	if err != nil {
		return fail(err)
	}
	workingDirectory, err := winapi.UTF16PtrFromString(launch.WorkingDirectory)
	if err != nil {
		return fail(err)
	}
	attributeList, err := winapi.NewProcThreadAttributeList(1)
	if err != nil {
		return fail(err)
	}
	defer attributeList.Delete()
	childHandles := []winapi.Handle{winapi.Handle(stdinRead.Fd()), winapi.Handle(stdoutWrite.Fd()), winapi.Handle(stderrWrite.Fd())}
	if err := attributeList.Update(winapi.PROC_THREAD_ATTRIBUTE_HANDLE_LIST, unsafe.Pointer(&childHandles[0]), uintptr(len(childHandles))*unsafe.Sizeof(childHandles[0])); err != nil {
		return fail(err)
	}
	startup := winapi.StartupInfoEx{}
	startup.Cb = uint32(unsafe.Sizeof(startup))
	startup.Flags = winapi.STARTF_USESTDHANDLES | winapi.STARTF_USESHOWWINDOW
	startup.ShowWindow = winapi.SW_HIDE
	startup.StdInput = childHandles[0]
	startup.StdOutput = childHandles[1]
	startup.StdErr = childHandles[2]
	startup.ProcThreadAttributeList = attributeList.List()
	var processInfo winapi.ProcessInformation
	flags := uint32(winapi.CREATE_NEW_CONSOLE | winapi.CREATE_SUSPENDED | winapi.CREATE_UNICODE_ENVIRONMENT | winapi.EXTENDED_STARTUPINFO_PRESENT)
	var environmentPointer *uint16
	if len(environment) > 0 {
		environmentPointer = &environment[0]
	}
	if err := winapi.CreateProcessAsUser(token, application, &commandLine[0], nil, nil, true, flags, environmentPointer, workingDirectory, &startup.StartupInfo, &processInfo); err != nil {
		return fail(fmt.Errorf("create suspended command process: %w", err))
	}
	// The child owns these handles after CreateProcessAsUser returns. Keep only
	// the three parent ends and the process/job handles in the daemon. The
	// primary thread remains suspended until the executor has durably recorded
	// launch authorization and calls Process.Release.
	_ = stdinRead.Close()
	_ = stdoutWrite.Close()
	_ = stderrWrite.Close()
	if err := winapi.AssignProcessToJobObject(job, processInfo.Process); err != nil {
		_ = winapi.TerminateProcess(processInfo.Process, 1)
		_ = winapi.CloseHandle(processInfo.Process)
		_ = winapi.CloseHandle(processInfo.Thread)
		return fail(fmt.Errorf("assign command to Job: %w", err))
	}
	pipesTransferred = true
	var threadClosed sync.Once
	closeThread := func() {
		threadClosed.Do(func() { _ = winapi.CloseHandle(processInfo.Thread) })
	}
	releaseFn := func() error {
		if _, err := winapi.ResumeThread(processInfo.Thread); err != nil {
			closeThread()
			return fmt.Errorf("release suspended command: %w", err)
		}
		closeThread()
		return nil
	}
	started := manager.options.Now()
	handles := &nativeHandles{process: processInfo.Process, job: job, pid: processInfo.ProcessId}
	cleanupJob = false
	command := &exec.Cmd{Process: osProcess(processInfo.ProcessId)}
	waitFn := func() (int32, bool, error) {
		_, waitErr := winapi.WaitForSingleObject(processInfo.Process, winapi.INFINITE)
		var code uint32
		if err := winapi.GetExitCodeProcess(processInfo.Process, &code); err != nil && waitErr == nil {
			waitErr = err
		}
		closeThread()
		handles.close.Do(func() {
			_ = winapi.CloseHandle(processInfo.Process)
			_ = winapi.CloseHandle(job)
		})
		return int32(code), false, waitErr
	}
	killFn := func(code uint32) error {
		err := winapi.TerminateJobObject(job, code)
		closeThread()
		return err
	}
	process := manager.registerProcess(spec.IssueUUID, identity, command, stdinWrite, stdoutRead, stderrRead, started, waitFn, killFn, releaseFn, cleanup)
	process.snapshotFn = func() (supervisor.ResourceSnapshot, error) {
		return queryJobSnapshot(job, manager.options.Now())
	}
	return process, nil
}

func osProcess(pid uint32) *os.Process {
	process, err := os.FindProcess(int(pid))
	if err != nil {
		return &os.Process{}
	}
	return process
}

func verifyExecutable(path string) error {
	info, err := os.Stat(path)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("stat configured shell %q: %w", path, err)
	}
	if !info.Mode().IsRegular() {
		return fmt.Errorf("configured shell %q is not a regular file", path)
	}
	return nil
}

// secureWrapperFile replaces the inherited directory ACL with a protected
// DACL. The service writes the wrapper before this call; afterward only
// LocalSystem and the selected effective token SID can read it. This is done
// after token selection so active-user commands do not depend on inherited
// broad ProgramData permissions.
func secureWrapperFile(path, effectiveSID string) error {
	systemSID, err := winapi.StringToSid(securitySystemRID)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	effective := systemSID
	if effectiveSID != "" && effectiveSID != securitySystemRID {
		effective, err = winapi.StringToSid(effectiveSID)
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}
	}
	entries := []winapi.EXPLICIT_ACCESS{{
		AccessPermissions: winapi.GENERIC_ALL,
		AccessMode:        winapi.SET_ACCESS,
		Trustee: winapi.TRUSTEE{
			TrusteeForm:  winapi.TRUSTEE_IS_SID,
			TrusteeType:  winapi.TRUSTEE_IS_WELL_KNOWN_GROUP,
			TrusteeValue: winapi.TrusteeValueFromSID(systemSID),
		},
	}}
	if effective != systemSID {
		entries = append(entries, winapi.EXPLICIT_ACCESS{
			AccessPermissions: winapi.GENERIC_READ,
			AccessMode:        winapi.SET_ACCESS,
			Trustee: winapi.TRUSTEE{
				TrusteeForm:  winapi.TRUSTEE_IS_SID,
				TrusteeType:  winapi.TRUSTEE_IS_USER,
				TrusteeValue: winapi.TrusteeValueFromSID(effective),
			},
		})
	}
	acl, err := winapi.ACLFromEntries(entries, nil)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	return winapi.SetNamedSecurityInfo(path, winapi.SE_FILE_OBJECT, winapi.OWNER_SECURITY_INFORMATION|winapi.DACL_SECURITY_INFORMATION|winapi.PROTECTED_DACL_SECURITY_INFORMATION, systemSID, nil, acl, nil)
}

func createStandardPipes() (*os.File, *os.File, *os.File, *os.File, *os.File, *os.File, error) {
	security := &winapi.SecurityAttributes{Length: uint32(unsafe.Sizeof(winapi.SecurityAttributes{})), InheritHandle: 1}
	var stdinReadHandle, stdinWriteHandle winapi.Handle
	var stdoutReadHandle, stdoutWriteHandle winapi.Handle
	var stderrReadHandle, stderrWriteHandle winapi.Handle
	if err := winapi.CreatePipe(&stdinReadHandle, &stdinWriteHandle, security, 0); err != nil {
		return nil, nil, nil, nil, nil, nil, err
	}
	if err := winapi.CreatePipe(&stdoutReadHandle, &stdoutWriteHandle, security, 0); err != nil {
		_ = winapi.CloseHandle(stdinReadHandle)
		_ = winapi.CloseHandle(stdinWriteHandle)
		return nil, nil, nil, nil, nil, nil, err
	}
	if err := winapi.CreatePipe(&stderrReadHandle, &stderrWriteHandle, security, 0); err != nil {
		for _, handle := range []winapi.Handle{stdinReadHandle, stdinWriteHandle, stdoutReadHandle, stdoutWriteHandle} {
			_ = winapi.CloseHandle(handle)
		}
		return nil, nil, nil, nil, nil, nil, err
	}
	for _, handle := range []winapi.Handle{stdinWriteHandle, stdoutReadHandle, stderrReadHandle} {
		if err := winapi.SetHandleInformation(handle, winapi.HANDLE_FLAG_INHERIT, 0); err != nil {
			for _, closeHandle := range []winapi.Handle{stdinReadHandle, stdinWriteHandle, stdoutReadHandle, stdoutWriteHandle, stderrReadHandle, stderrWriteHandle} {
				_ = winapi.CloseHandle(closeHandle)
			}
			return nil, nil, nil, nil, nil, nil, err
		}
	}
	return os.NewFile(uintptr(stdinReadHandle), "rvbox-stdin-read"), os.NewFile(uintptr(stdinWriteHandle), "rvbox-stdin-write"), os.NewFile(uintptr(stdoutReadHandle), "rvbox-stdout-read"), os.NewFile(uintptr(stdoutWriteHandle), "rvbox-stdout-write"), os.NewFile(uintptr(stderrReadHandle), "rvbox-stderr-read"), os.NewFile(uintptr(stderrWriteHandle), "rvbox-stderr-write"), nil
}

func createKillOnCloseJob() (winapi.Handle, error) {
	job, err := winapi.CreateJobObject(nil, nil)
	if err != nil {
		return 0, err
	}
	info := winapi.JOBOBJECT_EXTENDED_LIMIT_INFORMATION{}
	info.BasicLimitInformation.LimitFlags = winapi.JOB_OBJECT_LIMIT_KILL_ON_JOB_CLOSE
	if _, err := winapi.SetInformationJobObject(job, winapi.JobObjectExtendedLimitInformation, uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(&info)), uint32(unsafe.Sizeof(info))); err != nil {
		_ = winapi.CloseHandle(job)
		return 0, err
	}
	return job, nil
}

// applyJobProfiles combines the requested dimensions and applies them before
// process creation.  The profile names originate from the validated protobuf
// ExecutionSpec; unknown names and any required control without a native
// implementation are permanent pre-launch failures.
func applyJobProfiles(job winapi.Handle, configured map[string]JobProfile, requested []string) error {
	if len(requested) == 0 {
		return nil
	}
	var combined JobProfile
	for _, name := range requested {
		profile, ok := configured[name]
		if !ok {
			return fmt.Errorf("%w: execution profile %q is not configured", supervisor.ErrUnsupported, name)
		}
		for _, required := range profile.RequiredControls {
			switch required {
			case "cpu", "memory", "pids":
			case "io":
				return fmt.Errorf("%w: Windows Job I/O rate control is not available in this build", supervisor.ErrUnsupported)
			default:
				return fmt.Errorf("%w: unknown required Job control %q", supervisor.ErrUnsupported, required)
			}
		}
		if profile.CPUPercent > combined.CPUPercent {
			combined.CPUPercent = profile.CPUPercent
		}
		if profile.MemoryMaxBytes > 0 && (combined.MemoryMaxBytes == 0 || profile.MemoryMaxBytes < combined.MemoryMaxBytes) {
			combined.MemoryMaxBytes = profile.MemoryMaxBytes
		}
		if profile.PIDsMax > 0 && (combined.PIDsMax == 0 || profile.PIDsMax < combined.PIDsMax) {
			combined.PIDsMax = profile.PIDsMax
		}
		if profile.IOReadBPS > 0 || profile.IOWriteBPS > 0 {
			return fmt.Errorf("%w: Windows Job I/O rate control is not available in this build", supervisor.ErrUnsupported)
		}
	}
	limits := winapi.JOBOBJECT_EXTENDED_LIMIT_INFORMATION{}
	limits.BasicLimitInformation.LimitFlags = winapi.JOB_OBJECT_LIMIT_KILL_ON_JOB_CLOSE
	if combined.MemoryMaxBytes > 0 {
		if uint64(uintptr(combined.MemoryMaxBytes)) != combined.MemoryMaxBytes {
			return fmt.Errorf("%w: memory profile exceeds native pointer size", supervisor.ErrUnsupported)
		}
		limits.ProcessMemoryLimit = uintptr(combined.MemoryMaxBytes)
		limits.BasicLimitInformation.LimitFlags |= winapi.JOB_OBJECT_LIMIT_PROCESS_MEMORY
	}
	if combined.PIDsMax > 0 {
		if combined.PIDsMax > uint64(^uint32(0)) {
			return fmt.Errorf("%w: process-count profile exceeds Windows limit", supervisor.ErrUnsupported)
		}
		limits.BasicLimitInformation.ActiveProcessLimit = uint32(combined.PIDsMax)
		limits.BasicLimitInformation.LimitFlags |= winapi.JOB_OBJECT_LIMIT_ACTIVE_PROCESS
	}
	if _, err := winapi.SetInformationJobObject(job, winapi.JobObjectExtendedLimitInformation, uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(&limits)), uint32(unsafe.Sizeof(limits))); err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("apply Windows Job limits: %w", err)
	}
	if combined.CPUPercent > 0 {
		// The config contract expresses CPU allowance as a percentage of one
		// logical CPU (for example 200 means two logical CPUs). Windows Job
		// CpuRate is hundredths of a percentage of the whole machine, so scale
		// by the active processor count before applying the hard cap. A profile
		// larger than this host is intentionally capped at the host capacity,
		// which means it imposes no additional CPU restriction but remains a
		// valid, atomically verified profile.
		processors := uint64(winapi.GetActiveProcessorCount(winapi.ALL_PROCESSOR_GROUPS))
		if processors == 0 {
			return fmt.Errorf("%w: Windows did not report an active processor count", supervisor.ErrUnsupported)
		}
		if combined.CPUPercent > (^uint64(0)-processors+1)/100 {
			return fmt.Errorf("%w: CPU profile %d%% overflows Windows Job rate conversion", supervisor.ErrUnsupported, combined.CPUPercent)
		}
		cpuRate := (combined.CPUPercent*100 + processors - 1) / processors
		if cpuRate > 10000 {
			cpuRate = 10000
		}
		cpu := struct {
			ControlFlags uint32
			CPUrate      uint32
			Weight       uint32
		}{ControlFlags: 0x1 | 0x4 /* ENABLE | HARD_CAP */, CPUrate: uint32(cpuRate)}
		if _, err := winapi.SetInformationJobObject(job, winapi.JobObjectCpuRateControlInformation, uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(&cpu)), uint32(unsafe.Sizeof(cpu))); err != nil {
			return fmt.Errorf("apply Windows Job CPU limit: %w", err)
		}
		var cpuReadback struct {
			ControlFlags uint32
			CPUrate      uint32
			Weight       uint32
		}
		var cpuReturned uint32
		if err := winapi.QueryInformationJobObject(job, int32(winapi.JobObjectCpuRateControlInformation), uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(&cpuReadback)), uint32(unsafe.Sizeof(cpuReadback)), &cpuReturned); err != nil {
			return fmt.Errorf("verify Windows Job CPU limit: %w", err)
		}
		if cpuReadback.CPUrate != cpu.CPUrate || cpuReadback.ControlFlags&0x5 != 0x5 {
			return errors.New("Windows Job CPU limit did not read back as requested")
		}
	}
	// Read back every requested limit before authorization.  This catches
	// policy restrictions and unsupported Job implementations early.
	var readback winapi.JOBOBJECT_EXTENDED_LIMIT_INFORMATION
	var returned uint32
	if err := winapi.QueryInformationJobObject(job, int32(winapi.JobObjectExtendedLimitInformation), uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(&readback)), uint32(unsafe.Sizeof(readback)), &returned); err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("verify Windows Job limits: %w", err)
	}
	if readback.BasicLimitInformation.LimitFlags&winapi.JOB_OBJECT_LIMIT_KILL_ON_JOB_CLOSE == 0 {
		return errors.New("Windows Job lost kill-on-close protection")
	}
	if combined.MemoryMaxBytes > 0 && uint64(readback.ProcessMemoryLimit) != combined.MemoryMaxBytes {
		return errors.New("Windows Job memory limit did not read back as requested")
	}
	if combined.PIDsMax > 0 && uint64(readback.BasicLimitInformation.ActiveProcessLimit) != combined.PIDsMax {
		return errors.New("Windows Job process limit did not read back as requested")
	}
	return nil
}

func (manager *execSupervisor) selectToken(elevated bool) (winapi.Token, supervisor.EffectiveIdentity, error) {
	candidates, err := DiscoverActiveSessions()
	if err != nil {
		// A failed WTS enumeration is treated as no usable interactive
		// session; LocalSystem still provides a deterministic service path.
		candidates = nil
	}
	selection := Select(SelectionInput{Elevated: elevated, ActiveSessions: candidates, ActiveSystemAvailable: true, LocalServiceAvailable: true, LocalSystemAvailable: true})
	attempted := make([]string, 0, len(selection.Attempts)+1)
	details := make([]string, 0, len(selection.Attempts)+1)
	addAttempt := func(contextName ExecutionContext, detail string) {
		for _, existing := range attempted {
			if existing == string(contextName) {
				if detail != "" {
					details = append(details, string(contextName)+": "+detail)
				}
				return
			}
		}
		attempted = append(attempted, string(contextName))
		if detail != "" {
			details = append(details, string(contextName)+": "+detail)
		}
	}
	for _, attempt := range selection.Attempts {
		addAttempt(attempt.Context, string(attempt.Reason))
	}
	withEvidence := func(identity supervisor.EffectiveIdentity) supervisor.EffectiveIdentity {
		identity.AttemptedContexts = append([]string(nil), attempted...)
		identity.SelectionDetail = boundSelectionDetail(strings.Join(details, "; "))
		return identity
	}
	rejection := func(cause error) error {
		identity := withEvidence(supervisor.EffectiveIdentity{})
		return &supervisor.StartError{Cause: cause, WindowsIdentity: identity.WindowsIdentity()}
	}
	if selection.Effective == nil {
		if selection.Error != nil {
			return 0, supervisor.EffectiveIdentity{}, rejection(selection.Error)
		}
		return 0, supervisor.EffectiveIdentity{}, rejection(errors.New("Windows execution context selection failed"))
	}
	var selected *SessionCandidate
	if selection.Effective.SessionID != nil {
		for index := range candidates {
			if candidates[index].SessionID == *selection.Effective.SessionID {
				selected = &candidates[index]
				break
			}
		}
	}
	for _, attempt := range selection.Attempts {
		token, identity, err := openTokenForAttempt(attempt.Context, selected)
		if err == nil {
			return token, withEvidence(identity), nil
		}
		addAttempt(attempt.Context, "native preparation failed: "+err.Error())
		if !elevated {
			return 0, supervisor.EffectiveIdentity{}, rejection(err)
		}
	}
	// The pure selector stops as soon as ACTIVE_SYSTEM is available. A native
	// privilege/session operation can still fail (for example, SeTcb was
	// removed), so the final LOCAL_SYSTEM fallback is attempted here before
	// launch preparation, never by retrying a created process.
	if elevated {
		addAttempt(ContextLocalSystem, "fallback")
		if token, identity, err := openTokenForAttempt(ContextLocalSystem, nil); err == nil {
			return token, withEvidence(identity), nil
		} else {
			addAttempt(ContextLocalSystem, "native preparation failed: "+err.Error())
			return 0, supervisor.EffectiveIdentity{}, rejection(err)
		}
	}
	return 0, supervisor.EffectiveIdentity{}, rejection(errors.New("all Windows execution contexts failed before launch preparation"))
}

func boundSelectionDetail(detail string) string {
	if len(detail) <= 4096 {
		return detail
	}
	return detail[:4096]
}

func openTokenForAttempt(contextName ExecutionContext, candidate *SessionCandidate) (winapi.Token, supervisor.EffectiveIdentity, error) {
	switch contextName {
	case ContextActiveUser, ContextActiveUserElevated, ContextActiveSystem:
		if candidate == nil {
			return 0, supervisor.EffectiveIdentity{}, errors.New("active execution context has no selected session")
		}
		var token winapi.Token
		if err := winapi.WTSQueryUserToken(candidate.SessionID, &token); err != nil {
			return 0, supervisor.EffectiveIdentity{}, err
		}
		if contextName == ContextActiveUserElevated {
			if !token.IsElevated() {
				linked, err := token.GetLinkedToken()
				_ = token.Close()
				if err != nil {
					return 0, supervisor.EffectiveIdentity{}, err
				}
				token = linked
			}
		} else if contextName == ContextActiveSystem {
			_ = token.Close()
			serviceToken, identity, err := duplicateServiceTokenForSession(candidate.SessionID)
			if err != nil {
				return 0, supervisor.EffectiveIdentity{}, err
			}
			identity.Context = string(ContextActiveSystem)
			identity.SessionUserSID = candidate.UserSID
			identity.LogonSID = candidate.LogonSID
			return serviceToken, identity, nil
		} else if token.IsElevated() {
			// A full administrator token can be returned when UAC is disabled or
			// policy supplies an already-unfiltered token.  Normal commands must
			// still run as that user without administrator authority; create a
			// restricted medium token instead of silently falling back to a
			// service identity.
			restricted, err := createRestrictedMediumToken(token)
			_ = token.Close()
			if err != nil {
				return 0, supervisor.EffectiveIdentity{}, err
			}
			token = restricted
		}
		if err := verifyUserToken(token, candidate, contextName == ContextActiveUser); err != nil {
			_ = token.Close()
			return 0, supervisor.EffectiveIdentity{}, err
		}
		identity := supervisor.EffectiveIdentity{Context: string(contextName), SessionID: candidate.SessionID, SessionUserSID: candidate.UserSID, UserSID: candidate.UserSID, LogonSID: candidate.LogonSID, Elevated: contextName != ContextActiveUser, Integrity: map[bool]string{true: "high", false: "medium"}[contextName != ContextActiveUser]}
		return token, identity, nil
	case ContextLocalService:
		token, err := logonLocalService()
		if err != nil {
			return 0, supervisor.EffectiveIdentity{}, err
		}
		return token, supervisor.EffectiveIdentity{Context: string(ContextLocalService), UserSID: securityLocalServiceRID, Elevated: false, Integrity: "medium"}, nil
	case ContextLocalSystem:
		return duplicateServiceToken()
	default:
		return 0, supervisor.EffectiveIdentity{}, errors.New("unknown Windows execution context")
	}
}

// createRestrictedMediumToken turns a full administrator token into the
// normal active-user token required for elevated=false.  It disables all
// privileges, disables the built-in Administrators SID, and verifies medium
// integrity before the token is returned to the launch path.
func createRestrictedMediumToken(source winapi.Token) (winapi.Token, error) {
	// A full administrator token may carry several built-in groups that grant
	// privileged access even after the administrator SID is hidden. Disable the
	// complete known privilege-bearing built-in set before forcing medium
	// integrity; membership itself is retained in the token evidence, but these
	// groups cannot authorize the normal command.
	disabledTypes := []winapi.WELL_KNOWN_SID_TYPE{
		winapi.WinBuiltinAdministratorsSid,
		winapi.WinBuiltinPowerUsersSid,
		winapi.WinBuiltinAccountOperatorsSid,
		winapi.WinBuiltinSystemOperatorsSid,
		winapi.WinBuiltinPrintOperatorsSid,
		winapi.WinBuiltinBackupOperatorsSid,
		winapi.WinBuiltinRemoteDesktopUsersSid,
		winapi.WinBuiltinNetworkConfigurationOperatorsSid,
		winapi.WinBuiltinPerfMonitoringUsersSid,
		winapi.WinBuiltinPerfLoggingUsersSid,
		winapi.WinBuiltinDCOMUsersSid,
		winapi.WinBuiltinCryptoOperatorsSid,
		winapi.WinBuiltinHyperVAdminsSid,
		winapi.WinBuiltinRemoteManagementUsersSid,
	}
	disabled := make([]winapi.SIDAndAttributes, len(disabledTypes))
	for index, sidType := range disabledTypes {
		sid, err := winapi.CreateWellKnownSid(sidType)
		if err != nil {
			return 0, err
		}
		disabled[index] = winapi.SIDAndAttributes{Sid: sid}
	}
	var restricted winapi.Token
	result, _, callErr := procCreateRestrictedToken.Call(
		uintptr(source), disableMaxPrivilege,
		uintptr(len(disabled)), uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(&disabled[0])),
		0, 0,
		0, 0,
		uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(&restricted)),
	)
	if result == 0 {
		if callErr != syscall.Errno(0) {
			return 0, callErr
		}
		return 0, syscall.GetLastError()
	}
	if err := setMediumIntegrity(restricted); err != nil {
		_ = restricted.Close()
		return 0, err
	}
	if restricted.IsElevated() {
		_ = restricted.Close()
		return 0, errors.New("restricted active-user token remained elevated")
	}
	if err := verifyTokenIntegrity(restricted, mediumIntegrityRID); err != nil {
		_ = restricted.Close()
		return 0, err
	}
	return restricted, nil
}

func setMediumIntegrity(token winapi.Token) error {
	mediumSID, err := winapi.StringToSid("S-1-16-8192")
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	sidLength := winapi.GetLengthSid(mediumSID)
	headerSize := uint32(unsafe.Sizeof(winapi.Tokenmandatorylabel{}))
	buffer := make([]byte, headerSize+sidLength)
	label := (*winapi.Tokenmandatorylabel)(unsafe.Pointer(&buffer[0]))
	label.Label.Sid = (*winapi.SID)(unsafe.Pointer(&buffer[headerSize]))
	label.Label.Attributes = winapi.SE_GROUP_INTEGRITY | winapi.SE_GROUP_INTEGRITY_ENABLED
	copy(buffer[headerSize:], unsafe.Slice((*byte)(unsafe.Pointer(mediumSID)), sidLength))
	return winapi.SetTokenInformation(token, winapi.TokenIntegrityLevel, &buffer[0], uint32(len(buffer)))
}

func verifyUserToken(token winapi.Token, candidate *SessionCandidate, normal bool) error {
	if err := verifyTokenIdentity(token, candidate.UserSID, candidate.SessionID); err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("verify active token identity: %w", err)
	}
	if normal && token.IsElevated() {
		return errors.New("normal active-user token is elevated")
	}
	if normal {
		if err := verifyTokenIntegrity(token, mediumIntegrityRID); err != nil {
			return fmt.Errorf("normal active-user token is not medium integrity: %w", err)
		}
	} else {
		if !token.IsElevated() {
			return errors.New("elevated active-user token is not elevated")
		}
		if err := verifyTokenIntegrity(token, highIntegrityRID); err != nil {
			return fmt.Errorf("elevated active-user token is not high integrity: %w", err)
		}
	}
	return nil
}

func duplicateServiceToken() (winapi.Token, supervisor.EffectiveIdentity, error) {
	return duplicateServiceTokenForSession(0)
}

func duplicateServiceTokenForSession(sessionID uint32) (winapi.Token, supervisor.EffectiveIdentity, error) {
	var source winapi.Token
	if err := winapi.OpenProcessToken(winapi.CurrentProcess(), winapi.TOKEN_ALL_ACCESS, &source); err != nil {
		return 0, supervisor.EffectiveIdentity{}, err
	}
	defer source.Close()
	var restorePrivilege func()
	if sessionID != 0 {
		var err error
		restorePrivilege, err = enableTokenPrivilege(source, "SeTcbPrivilege")
		if err != nil {
			return 0, supervisor.EffectiveIdentity{}, fmt.Errorf("enable SeTcbPrivilege for active session token: %w", err)
		}
		defer restorePrivilege()
	}
	var target winapi.Token
	if err := winapi.DuplicateTokenEx(source, winapi.TOKEN_ALL_ACCESS, nil, winapi.SecurityImpersonation, winapi.TokenPrimary, &target); err != nil {
		return 0, supervisor.EffectiveIdentity{}, err
	}
	if sessionID != 0 {
		if err := winapi.SetTokenInformation(target, winapi.TokenSessionId, (*byte)(unsafe.Pointer(&sessionID)), uint32(unsafe.Sizeof(sessionID))); err != nil {
			_ = target.Close()
			return 0, supervisor.EffectiveIdentity{}, err
		}
		var actualSession uint32
		var returned uint32
		if err := winapi.GetTokenInformation(target, winapi.TokenSessionId, (*byte)(unsafe.Pointer(&actualSession)), uint32(unsafe.Sizeof(actualSession)), &returned); err != nil {
			_ = target.Close()
			return 0, supervisor.EffectiveIdentity{}, fmt.Errorf("verify active SYSTEM token session: %w", err)
		}
		if returned != uint32(unsafe.Sizeof(actualSession)) || actualSession != sessionID {
			_ = target.Close()
			return 0, supervisor.EffectiveIdentity{}, errors.New("active SYSTEM token session did not read back as requested")
		}
	}
	if err := verifyTokenIdentity(target, securitySystemRID, sessionID); err != nil {
		_ = target.Close()
		return 0, supervisor.EffectiveIdentity{}, fmt.Errorf("duplicated service token is invalid: %w", err)
	}
	return target, supervisor.EffectiveIdentity{Context: string(ContextLocalSystem), SessionID: sessionID, UserSID: securitySystemRID, Elevated: true, Integrity: "system"}, nil
}

// enableTokenPrivilege enables one privilege only for the short operation
// that needs it and returns a best-effort restoration closure.  Windows may
// report ERROR_NOT_ALL_ASSIGNED even when AdjustTokenPrivileges itself
// succeeds; treat that as a hard capability failure rather than silently
// creating a Session-0 token for an active-session request.
func enableTokenPrivilege(token winapi.Token, name string) (func(), error) {
	privilegeName, err := winapi.UTF16PtrFromString(name)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	var luid winapi.LUID
	if err := winapi.LookupPrivilegeValue(nil, privilegeName, &luid); err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	state := winapi.Tokenprivileges{PrivilegeCount: 1}
	state.Privileges[0] = winapi.LUIDAndAttributes{Luid: luid, Attributes: winapi.SE_PRIVILEGE_ENABLED}
	var previous winapi.Tokenprivileges
	var returned uint32
	if err := winapi.AdjustTokenPrivileges(token, false, &state, uint32(unsafe.Sizeof(state)), &previous, &returned); err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	if lastErr := winapi.GetLastError(); lastErr != nil && !errors.Is(lastErr, syscall.Errno(0)) {
		return nil, lastErr
	}
	restore := func() {
		if returned == 0 {
			return
		}
		_ = winapi.AdjustTokenPrivileges(token, false, &previous, uint32(unsafe.Sizeof(previous)), nil, nil)
	}
	return restore, nil
}

func logonLocalService() (winapi.Token, error) {
	account, _ := syscall.UTF16PtrFromString("LocalService")
	domainName, _ := syscall.UTF16PtrFromString("NT AUTHORITY")
	var token winapi.Token
	r, _, callErr := procLogonUserW.Call(uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(account)), uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(domainName)), 0, logon32LogonService, logon32ProviderDefault, uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(&token)))
	if r == 0 {
		if callErr != syscall.Errno(0) {
			return 0, callErr
		}
		return 0, syscall.GetLastError()
	}
	if err := verifyTokenIdentity(token, securityLocalServiceRID, 0); err != nil {
		_ = token.Close()
		return 0, fmt.Errorf("LocalService token failed identity verification: %w", err)
	}
	return token, nil
}

func verifyTokenIdentity(token winapi.Token, expectedSID string, expectedSession uint32) error {
	user, err := token.GetTokenUser()
	if err != nil || user.User.Sid == nil {
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}
		return errors.New("token has no user SID")
	}
	if user.User.Sid.String() != expectedSID {
		return fmt.Errorf("token user SID %q does not match %q", user.User.Sid.String(), expectedSID)
	}
	actualSession, err := tokenInformationUint32(token, winapi.TokenSessionId)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	if actualSession != expectedSession {
		return fmt.Errorf("token session %d does not match %d", actualSession, expectedSession)
	}
	tokenType, err := tokenInformationUint32(token, winapi.TokenType)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	if tokenType != winapi.TokenPrimary {
		return fmt.Errorf("token type %d is not primary", tokenType)
	}
	return nil
}

func tokenInformationUint32(token winapi.Token, class uint32) (uint32, error) {
	buffer, err := tokenInformation(token, class)
	if err != nil {
		return 0, err
	}
	if len(buffer) != int(unsafe.Sizeof(uint32(0))) {
		return 0, errors.New("token information has unexpected size")
	}
	return *(*uint32)(unsafe.Pointer(&buffer[0])), nil
}

func tokenInformation(token winapi.Token, class uint32) ([]byte, error) {
	var returned uint32
	err := winapi.GetTokenInformation(token, class, nil, 0, &returned)
	if returned == 0 && err != nil && !errors.Is(err, winapi.ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER) {
		return nil, err
	}
	if returned == 0 {
		return nil, errors.New("token information returned an empty buffer")
	}
	buffer := make([]byte, returned)
	if err := winapi.GetTokenInformation(token, class, &buffer[0], returned, &returned); err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	if returned > uint32(len(buffer)) {
		return nil, errors.New("token information length changed during query")
	}
	return buffer[:returned], nil
}

func verifyTokenIntegrity(token winapi.Token, minimumRID uint32) error {
	buffer, err := tokenInformation(token, winapi.TokenIntegrityLevel)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	if len(buffer) < int(unsafe.Sizeof(winapi.Tokenmandatorylabel{})) {
		return errors.New("token integrity information is truncated")
	}
	label := (*winapi.Tokenmandatorylabel)(unsafe.Pointer(&buffer[0]))
	if label.Label.Sid == nil || label.Label.Sid.SubAuthorityCount() == 0 {
		return errors.New("token integrity SID is missing")
	}
	level := label.Label.Sid.SubAuthority(uint32(label.Label.Sid.SubAuthorityCount()) - 1)
	if level < minimumRID {
		return fmt.Errorf("token integrity level 0x%x is below 0x%x", level, minimumRID)
	}
	return nil
}

func (manager *execSupervisor) Signal(ctx context.Context, process supervisor.Process, signal supervisor.SignalKind) (supervisor.SignalOutcome, error) {
	if process == nil {
		return supervisor.SignalOutcome{}, ErrProcessNotFound
	}
	native, ok := process.(*execProcess)
	if !ok || native.killFn == nil {
		return supervisor.SignalOutcome{}, ErrProcessNotFound
	}
	if signal != supervisor.SignalTerm && signal != supervisor.SignalKill {
		return supervisor.SignalOutcome{}, errors.New("unsupported signal")
	}
	if signal == supervisor.SignalTerm {
		// Each command has its own hidden console.  The helper path is kept in
		// this short-lived call and is deliberately best-effort: a session that
		// has already exited or a policy that denies AttachConsole is recorded,
		// then the bounded grace period ends in an explicit Job kill.
		breakDelivered, breakErr := sendControlBreak(native.pid)
		if breakErr != nil && ctx.Err() != nil {
			return supervisor.SignalOutcome{}, ctx.Err()
		}
		if breakDelivered {
			select {
			case <-native.done:
				return supervisor.SignalOutcome{Delivered: true, Detail: "CTRL_BREAK delivered", ObservedAt: manager.options.Now()}, nil
			default:
			}
		}
		select {
		case <-ctx.Done():
			return supervisor.SignalOutcome{}, ctx.Err()
		case <-native.done:
			return supervisor.SignalOutcome{Delivered: breakDelivered, Detail: "command exited after TERM", ObservedAt: manager.options.Now()}, nil
		case <-time.After(manager.options.WindowsTermGrace):
		}
	}
	if err := native.killFn(1); err != nil {
		return supervisor.SignalOutcome{}, err
	}
	detail := "Windows Job terminated"
	if signal == supervisor.SignalTerm {
		detail = "CTRL_BREAK grace expired; Windows Job terminated"
	}
	return supervisor.SignalOutcome{Delivered: true, Escalated: signal == supervisor.SignalTerm, Detail: detail, ObservedAt: manager.options.Now()}, nil
}

// sendControlBreak is the native equivalent of the signal-helper mode.  The
// production helper is normally a separate short-lived rvbox.exe invocation;
// this direct implementation keeps the same verified PID/console boundary
// for the first service build and never addresses a process by a caller-
// supplied PID.  The PID comes only from execProcess metadata.
func sendControlBreak(pid uint32) (bool, error) {
	if pid == 0 {
		return false, errors.New("command has no verified console PID")
	}
	if result, _, err := procAttachConsole.Call(uintptr(pid)); result == 0 {
		if err == syscall.Errno(0) {
			err = syscall.GetLastError()
		}
		return false, err
	}
	defer procFreeConsole.Call()
	// Prevent the service/helper itself from acting on the generated event.
	procSetCtrlHandler.Call(0, 1)
	defer procSetCtrlHandler.Call(0, 0)
	result, _, err := procGenerateCtrlEvent.Call(1 /* CTRL_BREAK_EVENT */, 0)
	if result == 0 {
		if err == syscall.Errno(0) {
			err = syscall.GetLastError()
		}
		return false, err
	}
	return true, nil
}

func (manager *execSupervisor) Snapshot(ctx context.Context, process supervisor.Process) (supervisor.ResourceSnapshot, error) {
	if process == nil {
		return supervisor.ResourceSnapshot{}, ErrProcessNotFound
	}
	native, ok := process.(*execProcess)
	if !ok || native.cmd == nil || native.cmd.Process == nil {
		return supervisor.ResourceSnapshot{}, ErrProcessNotFound
	}
	if native.snapshotFn != nil {
		select {
		case <-ctx.Done():
			return supervisor.ResourceSnapshot{}, ctx.Err()
		default:
		}
		return native.snapshotFn()
	}
	select {
	case <-ctx.Done():
		return supervisor.ResourceSnapshot{}, ctx.Err()
	default:
	}
	return supervisor.ResourceSnapshot{ProcessCount: 1, ObservedAt: manager.options.Now(), Complete: false, Detail: "Windows Job accounting is available after native completion integration"}, nil
}

type jobBasicAndIOAccounting struct {
	TotalUserTime             int64
	TotalKernelTime           int64
	ThisPeriodTotalUserTime   int64
	ThisPeriodTotalKernelTime int64
	TotalPageFaultCount       uint32
	TotalProcesses            uint32
	ActiveProcesses           uint32
	TotalTerminatedProcesses  uint32
	IO                        winapi.IO_COUNTERS
}

func queryJobSnapshot(job winapi.Handle, now time.Time) (supervisor.ResourceSnapshot, error) {
	if job == 0 || job == winapi.InvalidHandle {
		return supervisor.ResourceSnapshot{}, ErrProcessNotFound
	}
	var accounting jobBasicAndIOAccounting
	var returned uint32
	if err := winapi.QueryInformationJobObject(job, int32(winapi.JobObjectBasicAndIoAccountingInformation), uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(&accounting)), uint32(unsafe.Sizeof(accounting)), &returned); err != nil {
		return supervisor.ResourceSnapshot{}, err
	}
	var limits winapi.JOBOBJECT_EXTENDED_LIMIT_INFORMATION
	if err := winapi.QueryInformationJobObject(job, int32(winapi.JobObjectExtendedLimitInformation), uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(&limits)), uint32(unsafe.Sizeof(limits)), &returned); err != nil {
		return supervisor.ResourceSnapshot{}, err
	}
	userKernel := accounting.TotalUserTime + accounting.TotalKernelTime
	var cpu time.Duration
	if userKernel > 0 && userKernel <= int64(^uint64(0)>>1)/100 {
		cpu = time.Duration(userKernel) * 100 * time.Nanosecond
	}
	return supervisor.ResourceSnapshot{CPUTime: cpu, ResidentBytes: uint64(limits.PeakJobMemoryUsed), IOReadBytes: accounting.IO.ReadTransferCount, IOWriteBytes: accounting.IO.WriteTransferCount, ProcessCount: uint64(accounting.ActiveProcesses), ObservedAt: now, Complete: accounting.ActiveProcesses == 0, Detail: "Windows Job accounting"}, nil
}

func (manager *execSupervisor) StopAll(_ context.Context) error {
	manager.mu.Lock()
	processes := make([]*execProcess, 0, len(manager.active))
	for _, process := range manager.active {
		processes = append(processes, process)
	}
	manager.mu.Unlock()
	for _, process := range processes {
		if process.killFn != nil {
			if err := process.killFn(1); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, winapi.ERROR_INVALID_HANDLE) {
				return err
			}
		}
	}
	return nil
}